National Policy of Education 1986

Needs of the Policy

·       Qualitative Development of Education.

·       Enhancement of Percentage of Literacy

·       Checking of Brain-drain.

·       Implementation of Free and Compulsory Education.

·       Removal of Wastage and Stagnation in Education.

·       Mordernisation of Curriculum And Improvement of Examination System.

Priorities

·       Universalising Elementary Education.

·       Envisaging Free and Compulsory Education for All Children up to the Age of 14 years.

·       Emphasising Gender Perspective in all Aspects of Planning.

·       Sensitising the Minds for Furthering the goals of Socialism,Secularism, and Democracy.

·       Fostering Research and Development to Ensure Self-Reliance in Technology.

·       Re-emphasising the place of Common Core-Curriculum with Regard to India’s Common Cultural Heritage, Egalitarianism, Protection of Environment, Removal of Social Vices, Small Family Norm And Inculcation of Scientific Temper.

SALIENT FEATURES

·       Removal of disparities to equalize educational opportunities for those who have been denied from equality.

·       Empowerment of women through education through provision of vocational, technical and professional education at different levels.

·       Education of Scheduled Castes by providing incentives to poor families to send their children school regularly till the age of 14 years.

·       Pre-Matric Scholarship Scheme.

·       Recruitment of teachers from Scheduled Castes.

·       Opening of special schools with hostel facility at District headquarters for handicapped.

·       Adequate arrangement will be made to give them vocational training.

·       Re-orientation of teachers training programme to deal with special difficulties of handicapped children.

·       For Adults: Centres for continuing education in rural areas will be opened.

·       Workers education through employersTrade Unions and concerned agencies.

Challenge of education: A Policy Perspective

The Education Policy was divided into 12 parts:-

·       Declaration

·       The essence and role of education

·       National system of education.

·       Education for equality

·       Reorganization of education at different stages

·       Technical and management education.

·       Making the system work.

·       Reorienting the content and process of education.

·       Teacher

·       The management of education

·       Resource and review

·       The future

Reorganisation of education at different stages.

·       Early childhood care and education– (ECCE) Reorganising the holistic nature of child development – nutrition, health, social, mental, physical, moral and emotional development.

·       Programme of ECCE will be childoriented, focussed around play set their own pace and be given supplementary remedial instructions.

·       The policy of non-detention at primary stage will be retained.

Secondary Education

·       Secondary Education begins to expose students to the differentiated roles of science, humanities, and social sciences.

·       This also gives opportunities to students to understand their Constitutional duties and rights as citizens.

·       Gifted children should be provided opportunities to proceed at faster pace by giving good quality education irrespective of their capacity to pay for it.

·       Tertiary level courses will be organized for young graduates for higher secondary level.

·       Non-formal flexible and needs-based vocational programmes will also be made available to neo literates school drop-outs, partially employed persons and women.

·       It is proposed that vocational courses cover 10% of higher secondary students by 1990 and 25% by 1995.

·       Pace setting schools should be established with full scope for innovation and experimentation to provide opportunities to talented children.

·       The introduction of Vocational education should be systematic, well-planned to reduce the mismatch between demand and supply of skilled man-power

Higher education

·       Higher education provides people with an opportunity to reflect on the critical,social cultural, moral and spiritual issues facing humanity.

·       There are 150 universities and 5000 colleges in India today. It is proposed that; in the near future main emphasis will be on the expansion of existing institutions. Urgent steps will be taken to protect the system from degradation.

·       Autonomy and freedom of colleges and universities will be accompanied by accountability.

·       A major effect will be directed towards the transformation of teaching methods. Audio-visual aids and electronic equipments will be introduced, development of science and technology curricula and material research and teacher orientation will receive attention.

·       Efforts will be made to develop India’s ancient fund of knowledge i.e. Sanskrit and other classical languages.

·       Rural University will be developep on the lines of Mahatma Gandhi revolutionary ideas of education.

·       The open university system will be augmented as an instrument of democratizing education. IGNOU will be strengthened.

·       De-linking degrees from job in selected areas will be started.

Technical Management Education

•       The infrastructure and service sectors as well as the unorganised rural structure need a greater induction of improved technology and a supply of technological and managerial manpower. This will be attended by the government.

•       As computer have become computer literacy will be important; a program of organised on wide scale from school stage.

·       Appropriate formal and non-formal programmes of technical institution will be devised for the benefit of women, economically and socially weak and physically handicap.

·       To encourage students to consider “self-employment” as a career option. Training on entrepreneurship will be provided through optional courses in degree and diploma programs.

·       Research for development will focus on improving e pre

·       Teachers will have multiple roles to perform: Teaching, research, development of learning material, extension and managing the institution.

·       Staff development program at the state and national levels.

·       Excellence in performance of institutions and individuals will be recognized and rewarded.

·       The emergence of sub-standard institutions will be checked.

Making The System Work

•       The country has placed boundless trust in educational system. The first task is to make it work.

•       Now teachers will have greater responsibility and accountability.

•       Provision of improved students’ service.

•       Provision of better facilities to institutions.

Re-orienting the Content and Process of Education

•       The modern technologies cannot be allowed to divert our new generation from the roots of Indian culture.

•       De-culturalisation, De-humanisation, Alienation must be avoided at all costs.

•       Education must bring fine synthesis between change oriented technologies and country’s continuity.

Value Education

• The growing concern over the erosion of values has brought to focus the need for re-adjustment in the curriculum, so that social and moral values will be cultivated.

• In our culturally plural society education should foster universal.

Books and Libraries

•       The availability of books at low price is indispensable for people’s education. Measures will be taken to improve the quality of books, promote the reading habits and encourage creative writing.

•       A nation wide movement for the improvement of existing libraries and establishment of new ones will be taken up.

•       Educational technology will be employed in the spread of useful information, training, and retraining of teachers.

•       There is paramount need to create a consciousness among all ages and all sections of society.

•       Mathematics should be visualized as a vehicle to train a child to think, reason, analyse and to articulate logically.

•       Science education should develop the spirit of enquiry, creativity, objectivity, and the courage to question.

•       Science should enable the learner to acquire problem solving skills.

•       Sports and physical education are integral part of learning process. A nation wide infrastructure for physical education, sports and games will be built in educational field.

•       Appropriate encouragement will be given to those talented in sports and games.

•       Yoga will receive special attention as a system to promote.

Evaluation Process and Examination

•       Examination should be employed to bring about qualitative improvement in education.

•       It should discourage memorization.

•       There should be CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION (CCE) which incorporates both scholastic and non-scholastic aspects of education.

•       Effective use of evaluation process by teachers, students and parents.

The Teacher

•       Teachers should have freedom to innovate and work independently.

•       The method of recruiting teachers should be re-organised to ensure merit and objectivity.

•       Efforts will be mage for uniform emoluments, service conditions and grievance removal mechanisms for teachers through out the country.

•       Guidelines will be formulated to ensure objectivity in the posting and transfer of teachers.

•       Teachers association must play a significant role in enhancing the dignity of the teachers and in curbing professional misconduct.

•       Teacher education is a continuous process and it should be maintained preservice and in-service.

•       District Institutes of Education and Training (DIET) will be established to organise preservice and in-service courses for elementary school teachers and for the personnel working in non-formal and adult education.

•       The NCTE will be provided the necessary resources and capability to  accredit institutions of teacher educations.

The management of education

•       Evolving a long-term planning and management perspective of education according to country’s development and man-power needs.

•       De-centralisation and creation of autonomy for educational institutions

•       Inducting more women in planning and management of education.

•       The Department of Education at the Centre and in the State will be strengthened through the involvement of professionals.

•       A proper management structure in education will lead the establishment of Indian Education Service as All-India service. The basic principles, functions and procedures of recruitment to this service will be decided in consultation of state government.

•       Special attention will be paid to the training of education planners, administrators and head of the institutions.

•       District Board of Education will be created to manage education up to the higher Secondary level.

•       Heads of educational institution will be especially selected and trained.

•       Local communities will be assigned major roles in programs of school improvement along with the NGOs.

Resources and Review

•       Resources to the extent possible will be raised by mobilising donations asking beneficiary communities to maintain school buildings, raising fees at the higher level of education and creating some savings by the efficient use of facilities.

•       Funds will also be created by levying cess.

•       Since the actual level of investment on education has remained far short of the target, it has been ensured that from 8^th FIVE year plan onward it will exceed to 6% of national income.

v The implementation of various parameters of NPE 1986 must be reviewed after every 5 years.

v Appraisals at short intervals will also be made to ascertain the progress of implementation.

. THE FUTURE

•       The future shape of education in India is too complex to envision with precision but our tradition always put a high place to intellectual and spiritual attainment; we are bound to succeed in achieving our objectives.

•       The main task is to strengthen the base of the pyramid. Equally it is important to ensure that those at the top of the pyramid are among the best in the world.

NPE – An Evaluation

 “Considering the all round development of the country, the structure of Education Policy was erected. Education is not considered within the four

walls of the schools. Teaching is not limited to the curriculum but it is a source of developing national unity, cultural preservation and indication of moral, social and ethical values.”

Mr. R.K Trivedi

(Hon’ble Governor of

Gujrat)

Features of NPE 1986

•       Role of education – All round development of the individuals, cultural

Assimilation, providing strength to democracy, secularism, construction of

Nation at every level, creating self-sufficiency and searching new areas of

Development

•       National System of Education i.e. 10+2+3 system.

•       Equality – equal opportunities to all for education.

•       Women education – women are the keys to nation’s progress.

•       Education of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.

•       Education for backward classes, minorities.

•       Adult education to remove illiteracy from the masses.

•       Re-organisation of education i.e. preprimary, secondary and higher.

•       New dimensions such as distance education, IGNOU, de-linking the degree with employment etc.

•       The new policy gave a new direction in the field of education in the light of national unity and development of this is the preparation to welcome the 21^st century.